With the new technologies, most scanners are designed to share and exchange information between computer applications and can also provide automatic measurement extraction from the scanned 3D data. Therefore, a compromise is needed in accordance with the users’ requirements.
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The data size is an essential issue when data management, storage, usage and transmission are considered. Higher data density means more accuracy, but it also requires a longer scanning and processing time. 33 If mirrors are used, the complexity of the analysis increases. For a structured light system, image distortion easily occurs due to postural differences during different scans. However, if multiple scan heads are placed at a significant distance from the body, a large space is required, unless mirrors are used, as in Wicks and Wilson. This is of importance, especially for the retail sector where floor space is valuable. However, all systems attempt to reduce the scanner dimensions and booth size. Structured light and laser triangulation systems measure similar degrees of coverage on the body surface. 32 Rapid data acquisition for the structured light system is certainly a major advantage over laser scanning. Speed is important in the reduction of human body movement artefacts. The CubiCam, TC 2 and Telmat Systems project structured light stripes onto the body, but the images are captured and analysed differently. This means that the lower sides of some body parts may not be well represented. In the TecMath scanner, the cameras are mounted only above the laser projector. In the Cyberware, Vitronic and Hamamatsu systems, cameras or mirrors are mounted above and below the projection system. Most 3D body scanners project light rays horizontally. For the human body, the laser must be classified as Class 1 for eye safety.
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The optical devices used by the 3D body scanners can be light projectors, CCDs and light sources (halogen, infrared or laser).